Which of the following is NOT a result of hormonal alterations?

The question specifically asks for a result that is NOT typically associated with hormonal alterations. Hormonal changes can significantly affect various bodily functions and significantly influence behaviors and physiological responses.

Fatigue is a common symptom resulting from hormonal imbalances, such as those seen in conditions involving cortisol, thyroid hormones, or sex hormones. When hormone levels are disrupted, energy levels can drop, leading to fatigue.

Frequent urination is also linked to hormonal changes, particularly with hormones like antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and those involved in blood glucose regulation, such as insulin and glucagon. Alterations in these hormones can affect kidney function and fluid retention, leading to increased urination.

Increased thirst often results from hormonal changes as well. For example, high blood glucose levels can lead to excessive thirst due to osmotic diuresis, where excess glucose in the urine pulls water along with it, leading to dehydration and a compensatory increase in thirst.

Conversely, decreased appetite is not typically a direct result of hormonal alterations in the same way the other symptoms are connected. While hormones can affect appetite—hormones like ghrelin stimulate appetite while leptin signals satiety—decreased appetite is less commonly associated with significant hormonal disruptions compared to the other options