What pathophysiological change occurs in a person with diabetes mellitus type 2?

In diabetes mellitus type 2, insulin resistance is a fundamental pathophysiological change that leads to the disease's characteristic hyperglycemia. In this condition, the body's cells become less responsive to insulin, which is a hormone that allows glucose to enter cells for energy. As a result, despite the pancreas producing insulin, the effectiveness of insulin is diminished, leading to higher levels of glucose in the bloodstream.

This resistance often develops as a consequence of several factors, including obesity, physical inactivity, and genetic predisposition. Over time, the pancreas may try to compensate for the resistance by producing more insulin, but this compensatory mechanism can become inadequate as the disease progresses.

Recognizing insulin resistance is crucial because it is a target for treatment strategies aimed at improving insulin sensitivity, managing blood glucose levels, and preventing complications associated with type 2 diabetes. Addressing this resistance through lifestyle changes and medications can help restore better glucose control and overall metabolic health.