What condition is characterized by over secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)?

Cushing's syndrome is characterized by the over-secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), which stimulates the adrenal glands to produce excess cortisol. This condition can arise from a variety of sources, including tumors on the pituitary gland (which produce ACTH) or ectopic production of ACTH by other tissues, such as lung tumors. The elevated levels of cortisol can lead to a range of symptoms, including obesity, skin changes, muscle weakness, and diabetes, among others.

Graves’ disease is primarily an autoimmune condition that causes hyperthyroidism due to increased production of thyroid hormones, while Addison's disease involves insufficient hormone production by the adrenal glands. Hypopituitarism refers to reduced hormone production from the pituitary gland, leading to various deficiencies rather than excesses. Understanding these distinctions is key in recognizing the specific endocrine conditions related to hormone levels.