What are the physiological effects of somatostatin?

Somatostatin is a peptide hormone that plays a critical role in regulating the endocrine system and maintaining glucose homeostasis. Its physiological effects primarily involve the inhibition of hormone release, particularly in relation to insulin and glucagon, which are crucial for glucose metabolism.

The correct answer highlights that somatostatin inhibits the release of both insulin and glucagon. This action helps to balance glucose levels in the blood by reducing the secretion of insulin, which typically lowers blood glucose, and glucagon, which raises blood glucose levels. By inhibiting both hormones, somatostatin serves to prevent excessive fluctuations in blood sugar, thus maintaining a more stable metabolic environment.

The other choices present claims that do not accurately represent the hormonal function of somatostatin. The assertion that it only inhibits insulin release is incomplete and overlooks its role in glucagon suppression. Additionally, the options that suggest it stimulates the release of insulin or promotes insulin secretion contradict the established understanding of somatostatin's inhibitory functions. Overall, somatostatin's regulatory effects are essential for homeostasis, reflecting its importance in endocrine control mechanisms.