How does obesity typically affect insulin sensitivity?

Obesity decreases insulin sensitivity, which means that the body's cells become less responsive to insulin, a hormone that helps regulate blood glucose levels. When an individual is obese, there is often an excess accumulation of adipose tissue. This tissue can lead to an inflammatory response and the release of certain cytokines that negatively impact insulin signaling pathways. As a result, the insulin receptor's ability to function properly is impaired, causing a rise in blood sugar levels and eventually potentially leading to type 2 diabetes.

In this context, decreased insulin sensitivity means that even though insulin is present, it is less effective at facilitating glucose uptake into cells. This mechanism explains the strong association between obesity and metabolic disorders, including insulin resistance.

The other answer choices do not accurately represent the relationship between obesity and insulin sensitivity. While some metabolic conditions may alter insulin needs, obesity typically heightens the body's insulin requirement due to the reduced effectiveness of insulin, rather than eliminating the need for it.