How does increased cortisol during stress affect glucose levels?

Increased cortisol during stress results in elevated blood glucose levels. Cortisol is a glucocorticoid hormone released by the adrenal glands in response to stress and is part of the body's mechanism to ensure sufficient energy supply during challenging situations. When cortisol levels rise, it stimulates gluconeogenesis—the process of producing glucose from non-carbohydrate sources—in the liver. This increases the overall availability of glucose in the bloodstream.

Additionally, cortisol reduces the sensitivity of tissues to insulin, which is responsible for promoting glucose uptake from the blood. This combination of increased glucose production and reduced uptake results in higher blood glucose levels, which can be crucial for immediate energy needs during stressful circumstances. Therefore, understanding the role of cortisol in glucose metabolism illustrates how the body prioritizes energy availability in response to stress.