How do SGLT-2 inhibitors help to regulate glucose levels?

SGLT-2 inhibitors are a class of medications that play a crucial role in regulating glucose levels by preventing glucose reabsorption in the kidneys. Normally, the kidneys filter glucose from the blood and reabsorb it back into the bloodstream. However, SGLT-2 inhibitors block the sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) in the renal proximal tubules, leading to decreased reabsorption of glucose.

As a result, more glucose is excreted in the urine instead of being returned to the bloodstream. This reduction in glucose reabsorption effectively lowers blood glucose levels, making SGLT-2 inhibitors beneficial for individuals with type 2 diabetes. Additionally, this mechanism promotes osmotic diuresis, which can lead to weight loss and improved blood pressure as extra glucose and the accompanying water are eliminated from the body.

The other options suggest mechanisms that do not accurately describe how SGLT-2 inhibitors function in glucose regulation. For example, promoting glucose reabsorption or stimulating insulin production is contrary to the action of SGLT-2 inhibitors, which fundamentally focus on decreasing blood glucose levels through urine excretion rather than enhancing insulin sensitivity or activity.